Addressing Climate Change Using Direct Air Capture Mediated by Solid Sorbents: A Comprehensive Review

Hind Shabbani, Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of AL Qadisiyah, Engineering Campus, AL Diwaniyah, 58001, AL Qadisiyah, Iraq.Follow
Dhuha J. Hussien, Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of AL Qadisiyah, Engineering Campus, AL Diwaniyah, 58001, AL Qadisiyah, Iraq.
Shams A. Mahdi, Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of AL Qadisiyah, Engineering Campus, AL Diwaniyah, 58001, AL Qadisiyah, Iraq.
Noor K. Hasan, Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of AL Qadisiyah, Engineering Campus, AL Diwaniyah, 58001, AL Qadisiyah, Iraq.
M.R. Othman, School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia.

Article Type

Review Article

Abstract

Accelerating anthropogenic CO₂ emissions and their contribution to climate change have led to extensive research on CO₂ capture technologies. Direct air capture (DAC) technology presents itself as a critical technology in deterring global warming capturing CO₂ from thin air. This work presents comprehensive reviews on the recent developments in the solid sorbents tailored for DAC applications. The study evaluates physical sorbents, including carbon-based materials, zeolites, and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), despite comparatively limited deployment in DAC technology. Chemisorption materials are then explored in depth, with a focus on solid amine-based adsorbents, amine-MOF hybrids, and amine-mixed metal oxides (MMOs), all of which demonstrate high CO₂ selectivity under ambient conditions. Additionally, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in DAC is reviewed as a novel strategy for accelerating sorbent design and the optimization of the process performance. The review concludes with highlighting future directions relating to materials innovation through AI utilization. These directions offer a strategic framework for advancing solid sorbent DAC systems toward scalable deployment and palpable climate impact. Despite extensive information provided in literature, there is still a critical gap regarding cost analysis, and integration of simulation methods for the design of next generation adsorbents.

Keywords

Direct Air Capture, Solid Sorbents; CO2 Capture; Carbon Capture Technology; Climate Change Mitigation.

Recommended Citation

Shabbani, Hind; Hussien, Dhuha J.; Mahdi, Shams A.; Hasan, Noor K.; and Othman, M.R. (2026) "Addressing Climate Change Using Direct Air Capture Mediated by Solid Sorbents: A Comprehensive Review," Egyptian Journal of Petroleum: Vol. 35 : Iss. 3 , Article 8.
Available at: https://doi.org/10.62593/2090-2468.1122